Guide as PDF

General

General lighting designates an even illumination related to a horizontal working plane or pedestrian traffic zones. Quantitative aspects are often a primary consideration. Direct lighting permits both diffuse and directed light.

direct, aimed

direct, diffuse

direct, aimed

Observation

A direct and aimed general lighting produces an even illumination on the horizontal working plane. The architecture is visible and it is possible to orientate oneself in the room.

The directed light produces good modelling and brilliance. The uniformity on the working plane increases as the mounting height increases or as the beam angle widens. Directed light enables good appreciation of form and surface texture.
The visual comfort increases as the cut-off angle increases. A feature of direct illumination is its highly efficient use of energy.

Applications

Downlights cater for an even light distribution on the horizontal plane. They have an inconspicuous design and can be integrated well into the architecture.

Direct, directed general lighting for:
- entrance areas
- arcades
- passages
- atria

Preferred luminaire group
- downlights

Repsol petrol station, Spain

Congress Palace, Valencia:

Federal Chancellery, Berlin

City Hall, London

direct, diffuse

Observation

A direct, diffuse general lighting designates an even illumination with respect to a horizontal working plane. The architecture is visible and it is possible to orientate oneself in the room.

Direct, diffuse light produces a soft illumination with little shadow and reflection. The limited formation of shadow results in weak modelling capabilities. Shapes and surface textures are only slightly emphasised. One feature of using fluorescent lamps for the general lighting is an efficient use of energy.

Applications

Direct, diffuse general lighting for
- entrance areas
- overhanging or cantilevered roofs
- floor lighting on access driveways, paths and public squares

Preferred luminaire groups
- downlights
- wall-mounted downlights